How do Organisms Reproduce?: Class 10 Science Practice Questions

Riya is a Class 10 student who is studying reproduction in plants for her school project. She visits a garden and observes the following:

• A rose plant that was grown by her grandmother by cutting a stem and planting it in moist soil.
• A hibiscus flower that has both stamens and a pistil present in it.
• A wheat field nearby where plants produce seeds that are dispersed by wind.

Riya wonders how these different plants reproduce and what advantages each method offers.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

Riya is a Class 10 student who is studying reproduction in plants for her school project. She visits a garden and observes the following:

• A rose plant that was grown by her grandmother by cutting a stem and planting it in moist soil.
• A hibiscus flower that has both stamens and a pistil present in it.
• A wheat field nearby where plants produce seeds that are dispersed by wind.

Riya wonders how these different plants reproduce and what advantages each method offers.

(a) Name the method of reproduction used in the rose plant described above. To which category of reproduction does this method belong?

(b) Riya observes that the hibiscus flower has both male and female reproductive parts. What is such a flower called? Name the male and female reproductive organs present in it.

(c) Riya's grandmother says that plants grown from cuttings are 'exactly like the parent plant', but seeds from the wheat field produce plants that may show some variation. Give two reasons why:
(i) plants from cuttings are identical to the parent plant, AND
(ii) seeds can give rise to plants with some variation.

A science teacher placed two potted plants on the windowsill of the classroom. Plant A was a money plant (Pothos) that had been grown by placing a stem cutting in a glass of water. Plant B was a tomato plant that had been grown from a seed. The teacher explained that both plants had originated from different types of reproduction. She then asked the students to observe both plants carefully and think about how each had come into existence, whether both plants would be genetically identical to their parent, and what the advantages of each method of reproduction are.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

A science teacher placed two potted plants on the windowsill of the classroom. Plant A was a money plant (Pothos) that had been grown by placing a stem cutting in a glass of water. Plant B was a tomato plant that had been grown from a seed. The teacher explained that both plants had originated from different types of reproduction. She then asked the students to observe both plants carefully and think about how each had come into existence, whether both plants would be genetically identical to their parent, and what the advantages of each method of reproduction are.

(a) Name the type of reproduction used to grow Plant A (money plant). [1]
(b) Plant B (tomato) was grown from a seed. Name the type of reproduction involved in seed formation. [1]
(c) (i) Would Plant A be genetically identical to its parent plant? Give one reason.
(ii) Would Plant B show exactly the same characteristics as its parent plant? Give one reason. [2]

A biology teacher asked students to observe two potted plants kept in the school garden. Plant A had bright-coloured, fragrant flowers with nectar, while Plant B had small, dull, lightweight flowers with feathery stigmas and produced large amounts of pollen grains. A student, Priya, noted that Plant A attracted many bees and butterflies, while Plant B had no such visitors.

A biology teacher asked students to observe two potted plants kept in the school garden. Plant A had bright-coloured, fragrant flowers with nectar, while Plant B had small, dull, lightweight flowers with feathery stigmas and produced large amounts of pollen grains. A student, Priya, noted that Plant A attracted many bees and butterflies, while Plant B had no such visitors.

(a) Name the mode of pollination likely occurring in Plant A and Plant B respectively. [1 mark]

(b) Why does Plant B produce a very large number of pollen grains compared to Plant A? [1 mark]

(c) After pollination, what changes occur in (i) the ovary and (ii) the ovule of Plant A? Name the structures they develop into. [2 marks]

Riya is a Class 10 student who is learning about reproduction in flowering plants. Her teacher brings a potted rose plant and a potato to class. The teacher cuts a small piece of stem from the rose plant (with a bud) and places it in moist soil. She also cuts a piece of potato that has an 'eye' (bud) and plants it in another pot. After two weeks, both pieces have grown into new plants. The teacher explains that these new plants are genetically identical to their parent plants. She then shows a third pot where a bean plant has grown from a seed — this plant shows slight differences from its parent.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

Riya is a Class 10 student who is learning about reproduction in flowering plants. Her teacher brings a potted rose plant and a potato to class. The teacher cuts a small piece of stem from the rose plant (with a bud) and places it in moist soil. She also cuts a piece of potato that has an 'eye' (bud) and plants it in another pot. After two weeks, both pieces have grown into new plants. The teacher explains that these new plants are genetically identical to their parent plants. She then shows a third pot where a bean plant has grown from a seed — this plant shows slight differences from its parent.

(a) Name the method of reproduction demonstrated by the rose stem and the potato piece.

(b) The teacher says the rose and potato plants are 'genetically identical' to their parents. Give ONE reason why this is so.

(c) (i) Why does the bean plant grown from a seed show slight differences from its parent plant?
(ii) Name ONE advantage of seed-based (sexual) reproduction over the method used for rose and potato.

A biology teacher brought two potted plants to class. Plant A was a rose plant that the gardener had propagated by cutting a healthy stem, dipping its base in a rooting hormone powder, and planting it in moist soil. Within three weeks, the cutting had developed roots and new leaves. Plant B was a seedling that had grown from a seed produced after pollination and fertilisation in the parent rose plant. The teacher pointed out that both plants looked similar but had very different origins.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

A biology teacher brought two potted plants to class. Plant A was a rose plant that the gardener had propagated by cutting a healthy stem, dipping its base in a rooting hormone powder, and planting it in moist soil. Within three weeks, the cutting had developed roots and new leaves. Plant B was a seedling that had grown from a seed produced after pollination and fertilisation in the parent rose plant.

The teacher pointed out that both plants looked similar but had very different origins.

(a) Name the method of reproduction used to grow Plant A. To which category of reproduction does this method belong?

(b) The gardener used 'rooting hormone powder' before planting the cutting. Name the hormone involved and state ONE role it plays in this process.

(c) The teacher said: 'Plant A and its parent are genetically identical, but Plant B is genetically different from both its parents.' Give TWO distinct biological reasons to explain why Plant B is genetically different from its parents.

A science teacher asked students to observe two different organisms under a microscope and in a petri dish. In Organism A, they noticed that the parent cell was dividing into two equal daughter cells. In Organism B, a small outgrowth was forming on the body of the parent, which gradually grew and eventually detached to form a new individual. Meanwhile, a third group of students was studying Organism C — a multicellular plant — in which small, green, leaf-like structures at the tips of its leaves were falling off into moist soil and developing into new plants.

The teacher then introduced a fourth organism, Organism D — a flatworm — which, when cut into pieces, regenerated into multiple complete individuals.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

A science teacher asked students to observe two different organisms under a microscope and in a petri dish. In Organism A, they noticed that the parent cell was dividing into two equal daughter cells. In Organism B, a small outgrowth was forming on the body of the parent, which gradually grew and eventually detached to form a new individual. Meanwhile, a third group of students was studying Organism C — a multicellular plant — in which small, green, leaf-like structures at the tips of its leaves were falling off into moist soil and developing into new plants.

The teacher then introduced a fourth organism, Organism D — a flatworm — which, when cut into pieces, regenerated into multiple complete individuals.

(a) Identify the specific method of asexual reproduction shown by Organism B and name ONE organism that reproduces by this method.

(b) Organism D regenerates into complete individuals when cut into pieces. Name this process and state the type of cells responsible for making this possible.

(c) The teacher pointed out that Organism A (binary fission) and Organism D (regeneration) both result in offspring genetically identical to the parent, yet scientists consider regeneration a far more complex process than binary fission. Justify this statement with TWO distinct reasons.

A biology teacher brought two potted plants to class — Plant A and Plant B. Plant A had developed small, reddish-brown leaf-edge outgrowths (plantlets) that dropped to the soil and grew into new plants. Plant B was grown from a cutting placed in water; roots emerged from the cut end within a week and the cutting was then potted. Meanwhile, the teacher also showed the students a prepared slide of Hydra under the microscope. The students noticed a small bud-like projection on the body of the Hydra. The teacher explained that all three methods — in Plant A, Plant B, and Hydra — avoid the need for seeds or gametes.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

A biology teacher brought two potted plants to class — Plant A and Plant B. Plant A had developed small, reddish-brown leaf-edge outgrowths (plantlets) that dropped to the soil and grew into new plants. Plant B was grown from a cutting placed in water; roots emerged from the cut end within a week and the cutting was then potted. Meanwhile, the teacher also showed the students a prepared slide of Hydra under the microscope. The students noticed a small bud-like projection on the body of the Hydra. The teacher explained that all three methods — in Plant A, Plant B, and Hydra — avoid the need for seeds or gametes.

(a) Identify the specific mode of vegetative propagation shown by Plant A. Name any one plant that reproduces in this manner.

(b) Identify the method by which Plant B was propagated. State one advantage this method has over seed propagation.

(c) The process observed in Hydra and the vegetative propagation in Plant A are both asexual, yet they are fundamentally different processes. Compare the two by stating one similarity and one difference between them.

Priya noticed that the potato plant in her kitchen garden had begun to wilt and produce fewer leaves. Her grandmother suggested cutting the healthy stem of a nearby potato plant into small pieces, each containing at least one 'eye' (bud), and planting them separately. Within a few weeks, each piece grew into a new healthy potato plant. Meanwhile, Priya's science teacher explained that potato can also reproduce by seeds through sexual reproduction, where a flower is pollinated, fertilisation occurs, and seeds are produced inside a fruit.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

Priya noticed that the potato plant in her kitchen garden had begun to wilt and produce fewer leaves. Her grandmother suggested cutting the healthy stem of a nearby potato plant into small pieces, each containing at least one 'eye' (bud), and planting them separately. Within a few weeks, each piece grew into a new healthy potato plant. Meanwhile, Priya's science teacher explained that potato can also reproduce by seeds through sexual reproduction, where a flower is pollinated, fertilisation occurs, and seeds are produced inside a fruit.

(a) Name the type of reproduction used when stem pieces with 'eyes' are planted to grow new potato plants. [1]
(b) State ONE advantage of this method of reproduction over growing potato plants from seeds. [1]
(c) Priya's teacher explained that sexual reproduction in plants involves two events — pollination and fertilisation — before a seed is formed. Explain what happens during each of these two events in a bisexual flower. [2]

The modes of asexual reproduction in Hydra and Leishmania respectively are:

A doctor advises a patient that the contraceptive method she is using releases hormones that prevent the release of eggs from the ovary. Which of the following contraceptive methods is the doctor referring to?

Which one of the following statements is TRUE for Yeast, Spirogyra, and Planaria?

A school health educator explains that condoms, when used correctly, protect against both unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Which of the following best describes the principle by which condoms prevent fertilisation?

Select the option that correctly matches each organism in Column I with its mode of asexual reproduction in Column II.

Column I: P – Yeast, Q – Planaria, R – Plasmodium, S – Spirogyra

Column II: (i) Regeneration, (ii) Fragmentation, (iii) Multiple fission, (iv) Budding

Which of the following sets of conditions is most responsible for the rapid multiplication of Rhizopus (black bread mould) on a moist piece of fruit?

A health educator explains to students that some common infections spread through sexual contact are caused by different types of microorganisms. Which of the following correctly identifies a bacterial sexually transmitted infection and a viral sexually transmitted infection respectively?

A farmer notices that when a Money Plant (Pothos) stem with at least one node is placed in water, it develops roots and grows into a new plant. Which of the following correctly identifies the mode of reproduction and the part of the plant responsible for this process?

Planaria, the flatworm, is capable of regenerating into complete individuals even from small cut pieces. Which of the following correctly identifies the mode of asexual reproduction used by Planaria?

In which of the following organisms does asexual reproduction occur by the process of fragmentation, where the parent body breaks into several pieces and each piece develops into a new individual?

Which of the following contraceptive methods works primarily by preventing the implantation of a fertilised egg in the uterus?

Potato and ginger plants have lost the capacity to produce viable seeds under most natural conditions. Which of the following structures do these plants rely upon for vegetative propagation?

Amoeba reproduces by binary fission while Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission. Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes these two processes?

Rose plants in a garden are routinely propagated by gardeners using stem cuttings dipped in rooting hormone. Which of the following terms correctly describes this method of reproduction?

Which of the following sets of plants can be propagated vegetatively using their respective underground structures?

A couple decides to use a permanent contraceptive method after having their desired number of children. The husband undergoes a minor surgical procedure in which the vas deferens is cut and tied. Which of the following terms correctly identifies this surgical procedure?

A teenage boy reads a pamphlet at a government health camp stating that one contraceptive method involves placing a small device made of copper inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Which of the following correctly explains how copper-T prevents pregnancy?

Which of the following organisms reproduces asexually by the process of budding, in which a small outgrowth develops on the parent body, grows to full size, and then detaches to form a new individual?

A health worker at a family planning clinic explains that one contraceptive method creates a physical barrier to prevent the meeting of sperm and egg, while another method involves a minor surgical procedure to permanently block the passage of gametes. Which of the following correctly identifies these two methods in the same order?

A biology teacher shows her class two potted plants. Plant A was grown by planting a small stem cutting taken from a rose bush. Plant B was grown from a rose seed collected from the same bush. After a few weeks, the teacher observes that Plant A looks identical to the parent rose bush, while Plant B shows slightly different characteristics.

(a) Name the method of reproduction used to grow Plant A. State ONE advantage of this method.
(b) Why does Plant B show different characteristics from the parent plant, even though it came from the same rose bush?

A public health poster in a hospital states: 'Not all sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by the same type of pathogen — some can be cured with medicines, while others can only be managed.' In this context, name the type of pathogen responsible for causing (i) gonorrhoea and (ii) HIV/AIDS, and state whether each can be completely cured or only managed.

A science student studying a pea plant observed that after pollination, the pollen tube grows from the stigma down to the ovule. List in correct sequence the four key events that occur from the moment a pollen grain germinates on the stigma to the formation of a mature seed inside the ovary.