CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26
Official chapter-wise syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Economics — unit-wise marks distribution, list of deleted/reduced topics, and the 2025-26 exam paper pattern. Use this page alongside the Class 12 Economics preparation guide for full exam readiness.
2025-26
Academic Year
80
Theory Marks
20
Practical Marks
8
Total Chapters
Unit-Wise Marks Distribution
80 marks (theory)Part A — Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates
National Income Accounting · Methods of Measuring National Income · GDP and Welfare
13% of theory marks
Part A — Unit 2: Money and Banking
Money and Its Functions · Commercial Banks — Credit Creation · Central Bank — Reserve Bank of India
8% of theory marks
Part A — Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment
Aggregate Demand · Investment Multiplier · Excess and Deficient Demand
15% of theory marks
Part A — Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy
Government Budget · Types of Deficit · Fiscal Policy
8% of theory marks
Part A — Unit 5: Balance of Payments
Balance of Payments · Foreign Exchange Rate · Fixed vs Flexible Exchange Rate
8% of theory marks
Part B — Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991
Indian Economy on Eve of Independence · Five Year Plans · LPG Reforms 1991 · Demonetisation & GST
15% of theory marks
Part B — Unit 7: Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy
Human Capital Formation · Rural Development · Employment · Infrastructure · Environment and Sustainable Development
25% of theory marks
Part B — Unit 8: Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours
India vs China vs Pakistan — Development Indicators
10% of theory marks
Chapter-Wise Syllabus
8 chapters| # | Chapter | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | National Income and Related Aggregates | 10 |
| 2 | Money and Banking | 6 |
| 3 | Determination of Income and Employment | 12 |
| 4 | Government Budget and the Economy | 6 |
| 5 | Balance of Payments | 6 |
| 6 | Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 | 12 |
| 7 | Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy | 20 |
| 8 | Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours | 8 |
Deleted / Reduced Topics 2025-26
Note: The following topics have been deleted or reduced from the CBSE Class 12 Economics syllabus. Do not spend time studying these for the 2025-26 board exam. Always verify with the official CBSE syllabus document before your exam.
Microeconomics (Class 11)
Entire Introductory Microeconomics (Consumer Equilibrium, Producer Behaviour, Market Equilibrium) — Class 11 content, NOT in Class 12 syllabus
Open Economy Macroeconomics
Detailed treatment of open economy models — reduced; only BOP basics retained
Government Budget
Detailed derivation of multiplier through budget — only formula and concept required
National Income
Welfare comparison using real vs nominal GDP — statement level only, proof removed
Exam Paper Pattern 2025-26
80 marks total| Section | Marks/Q | Count | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section A | 1 | 10 | 10 | |
| Section B | 1 | 10 | 10 | |
| Section C | 3 | 4 | 12 | |
| Section D | 4 | 4 | 16 | |
| Section E | 6 | 4 | 24 | |
| Section F | 4 | 2 | 8 | |
| Total Theory Marks | 80 | |||
Practical / Internal Assessment Marks — assessed throughout the year by your school (projects, lab work, notebooks).
How to Use This Syllabus
Prioritise by marks
Use the unit-wise distribution above. Focus first on units with 20+ marks — they give the best return on study time.
Skip deleted topics
CBSE will not ask deleted topics in the board exam. Don't waste time on them — use that time for NCERT exercises instead.
Know the paper pattern
Section E (Case Study) has new-format questions many students ignore. Practise these separately — they're easy marks.
You know the syllabus. Now practise it.
ClearSteps gives you chapter-wise mock tests aligned to the exact CBSE Class 12 Economics syllabus, with AI evaluation against the official marking scheme.