CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26
Official chapter-wise syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Geography — unit-wise marks distribution, list of deleted/reduced topics, and the 2025-26 exam paper pattern. Use this page alongside the Class 12 Geography preparation guide for full exam readiness.
2025-26
Academic Year
70
Theory Marks
30
Practical Marks
20
Total Chapters
Unit-Wise Marks Distribution
70 marks (theory)Part A — Unit 1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope
Human Geography: Nature and Scope
4% of theory marks
Part A — Unit 2: People
The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth · Population Composition
11% of theory marks
Part A — Unit 3: Human Activities
Primary Activities · Secondary Activities · Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
14% of theory marks
Part A — Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade
Transport and Communication · International Trade
11% of theory marks
Part A — Unit 5: Human Settlements (World)
Human Settlements
9% of theory marks
Part B — Unit 1: People of India
Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition · Migration: Types, Causes and Consequences · Human Development
10% of theory marks
Part B — Unit 2: Human Settlements of India
Human Settlements (India)
6% of theory marks
Part B — Unit 3: Resources and Development
Land Resources and Agriculture · Water Resources · Mineral and Energy Resources · Manufacturing Industries · Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
20% of theory marks
Part B — Unit 4: Transport, Communication and International Trade (India)
Transport and Communication (India) · International Trade (India)
7% of theory marks
Part B — Unit 5: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues
Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
7% of theory marks
Chapter-Wise Syllabus
20 chapters| # | Chapter | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Human Geography: Nature and Scope | 3 |
| 2 | The World Population — Distribution, Density and Growth | 5 |
| 3 | Population Composition | 3 |
| 4 | Primary Activities | 4 |
| 5 | Secondary Activities | 3 |
| 6 | Tertiary and Quaternary Activities | 3 |
| 7 | Transport and Communication | 4 |
| 8 | International Trade | 4 |
| 9 | Human Settlements (World) | 6 |
| 10 | People of India — Distribution, Density & Growth | 4 |
| 11 | Migration — Types, Causes and Consequences | 3 |
| 12 | Human Development (India) | 4 |
| 13 | Human Settlements of India | 4 |
| 14 | Land Resources and Agriculture (India) | 4 |
| 15 | Water Resources (India) | 3 |
| 16 | Mineral and Energy Resources (India) | 3 |
| 17 | Manufacturing Industries (India) | 4 |
| 18 | Planning and Sustainable Development | 2 |
| 19 | Transport, Communication and International Trade (India) | 3 |
| 20 | Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues | 5 |
Deleted / Reduced Topics 2025-26
Note: The following topics have been deleted or reduced from the CBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus. Do not spend time studying these for the 2025-26 board exam. Always verify with the official CBSE syllabus document before your exam.
Geographical Information System (GIS)
GIS and Remote Sensing detailed theory removed from theory paper — covered only in practical
Human Settlements (World)
Detailed morphological analysis of global urban forms — only Indian context and basic types tested
Planning and Sustainable Development
Detailed case study of a specific hill or tribal district removed — concept and SDG context retained
Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues
Land Degradation — removal of detailed chemical processes; spatial patterns and human causes retained
Exam Paper Pattern 2025-26
70 marks total| Section | Marks/Q | Count | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section A | 1 | 17 | 17 | |
| Section B | 2 | 7 | 14 | |
| Section C | 3 | 5 | 15 | |
| Section D | 5 | 4 | 20 | |
| Section E | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| Total Theory Marks | 70 | |||
Practical / Internal Assessment Marks — assessed throughout the year by your school (projects, lab work, notebooks).
How to Use This Syllabus
Prioritise by marks
Use the unit-wise distribution above. Focus first on units with 20+ marks — they give the best return on study time.
Skip deleted topics
CBSE will not ask deleted topics in the board exam. Don't waste time on them — use that time for NCERT exercises instead.
Know the paper pattern
Section E (Case Study) has new-format questions many students ignore. Practise these separately — they're easy marks.
You know the syllabus. Now practise it.
ClearSteps gives you chapter-wise mock tests aligned to the exact CBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus, with AI evaluation against the official marking scheme.