NCERT Solutions
Class 12 Informatics Practices
7 chapters · 14 important questions
Data Handling with Pandas — I
Introduces Pandas Series and DataFrame. Covers creation from lists, dictionaries and CSV, attributes (index, values, dtype, shape), and basic operations (head, tail, describe, info).
Key Topics
Important Questions
Create a Pandas DataFrame from a dictionary of lists and display the first 3 rows, shape, and data types.
Explain the difference between loc[] and iloc[] with an example.
Data Handling with Pandas — II
Covers data filtering (boolean indexing), sorting (sort_values, sort_index), groupby and aggregation, merging DataFrames (merge, join, concat), and handling missing values (isnull, dropna, fillna).
Key Topics
Important Questions
Write a Pandas program to merge two DataFrames on a common column 'EmpID' using inner join and display the result.
Write code to group a DataFrame by 'Department' and find the average 'Salary' for each department.
Data Visualisation using Matplotlib
Covers drawing line, bar, stacked bar, horizontal bar, scatter, and pie charts using Matplotlib. Covers adding titles, labels, legends, and saving figures.
Key Topics
Important Questions
Write a Python program to draw a bar chart showing the marks of 5 students in three subjects.
Write code to plot a pie chart showing the percentage distribution of budget across five departments.
Database Management using MySQL
Covers SQL DDL (CREATE TABLE, ALTER, DROP), DML (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), DQL (SELECT with WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING), aggregate functions, and JOIN operations.
Key Topics
Important Questions
Write SQL queries to: create a table EMPLOYEE, insert 3 records, and display employees earning more than ₹50,000.
Write an SQL query to find the department with the highest average salary using GROUP BY and HAVING.
Networking and Internet
Covers network types (LAN, MAN, WAN), topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh, tree), protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3), IP addressing (IPv4, IPv6), DNS, and cloud computing types (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS).
Key Topics
Important Questions
Distinguish between LAN, MAN, and WAN with two examples each.
Explain the concept of cloud computing. What are the three service models? Give one example of each.
Emerging Trends
Covers Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Science, Internet of Things, blockchain, Big Data, robotics, and 5G technology — at awareness and conceptual level.
Key Topics
Important Questions
What is Internet of Things (IoT)? List four applications of IoT in everyday life.
What is Machine Learning? Describe supervised and unsupervised learning with one example each.
Societal Impacts of IT
Covers digital footprint, cyber threats (phishing, identity theft, cyberbullying), e-waste, health impacts (screen time, posture), intellectual property, plagiarism, privacy, and gender/disability issues in technology.
Key Topics
Important Questions
What is meant by digital footprint? How can you minimise your digital footprint?
What is phishing? How is it different from vishing? How can you protect yourself?