Chapter Summaries›Class 12 Physics
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Class 12 PhysicsChapter Summaries

14 chapters · Quick revision in under 3 minutes per chapter

Ch 1

Electric Charges and Fields

Covers Coulomb's law, electric field, field lines, Gauss's law and its applications. Electric dipole in external field is a key derivation topic.

Topics covered

Coulomb's lawElectric field and field linesElectric dipoleGauss's law and applications (sphere, cylinder, plane)
Ch 2

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Covers electric potential, potential due to a dipole, equipotential surfaces, and capacitors. Energy stored in a capacitor and dielectrics are key numericals.

Topics covered

Electric potential and potential energyPotential due to dipoleEquipotential surfacesCapacitors: series and parallelEnergy in capacitorDielectrics
Ch 3

Current Electricity

Covers Ohm's law, drift velocity, resistivity, Kirchhoff's laws, and Wheatstone bridge. The internal resistance of a cell and EMF are important numerical topics.

Topics covered

Drift velocity and mobilityOhm's lawResistivity and conductivityKirchhoff's lawsWheatstone bridgePotentiometer
Ch 4

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Covers force on a moving charge (Lorentz force), force on a current-carrying conductor, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, and the moving coil galvanometer.

Topics covered

Lorentz forceMotion of charge in magnetic field (cyclotron)Biot-Savart lawAmpere's circuital lawMoving coil galvanometer
Ch 5

Magnetism and Matter

Covers bar magnets, earth's magnetism, and magnetic properties of materials (diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic). Hysteresis loop is an important concept.

Topics covered

Bar magnet and field linesEarth's magnetismMagnetic materials: dia, para, ferroHysteresis
Ch 6

Electromagnetic Induction

Covers Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, self and mutual inductance. Eddy currents and their applications are included.

Topics covered

Faraday's laws of EMILenz's lawMotional EMFSelf inductanceMutual inductanceEddy currents
Ch 7

Alternating Current

Covers AC circuits with R, L, C individually and in series. Resonance, power factor, and LC oscillations are key topics. Transformers are also covered.

Topics covered

AC with R, L, CSeries LCR circuitResonance conditionPower in AC circuit (power factor)Transformer
Ch 8

Electromagnetic Waves

Covers the nature of electromagnetic waves, their transverse character, and the electromagnetic spectrum. Properties of EM waves and their uses are frequently asked.

Topics covered

Maxwell's equations (qualitative)Transverse nature of EM wavesElectromagnetic spectrum and usesSpeed of EM waves
Ch 9

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Covers reflection and refraction, total internal reflection, lenses, and optical instruments (microscope, telescope). Lens maker's formula and power of a lens are key numericals.

Topics covered

Total internal reflectionRefraction at curved surfacesLens maker's formulaPower of a lensSimple microscope and compound microscopeRefracting telescope
Ch 10

Wave Optics

Covers Huygens' principle, interference (Young's double slit experiment), diffraction, and polarisation. YDSE calculations are common board numericals.

Topics covered

Huygens' principleCoherent sources and interferenceYoung's double slit experiment (fringe width formula)Diffraction at single slitPolarisation
Ch 11

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Covers photoelectric effect, Einstein's photoelectric equation, wave-particle duality, and de Broglie wavelength. Millikan's experiment verification is included.

Topics covered

Photoelectric effectEinstein's photoelectric equationWork function and threshold frequencyde Broglie wavelengthDavisson-Germer experiment
Ch 12

Atoms

Covers Rutherford's model, Bohr's atomic model, hydrogen spectrum, and energy levels. Bohr's postulates and the Rydberg formula are frequently asked.

Topics covered

Rutherford's nuclear modelBohr's postulatesEnergy levels of hydrogen atomHydrogen spectrum (Lyman, Balmer, Paschen series)Rydberg formula
Ch 13

Nuclei

Covers nuclear mass, binding energy, radioactive decay, and nuclear reactions. Half-life calculations and nuclear fission and fusion are key topics.

Topics covered

Nuclear mass and binding energyRadioactive decay: α, β, γHalf life and decay constantNuclear fission and chain reactionNuclear fusion
Ch 14

Semiconductor Electronics

Covers energy bands, types of semiconductors, p-n junction diode, rectifiers, and transistors. Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR) are included.

Topics covered

Energy bands in solidsIntrinsic and extrinsic semiconductorsp-n junction diodeHalf wave and full wave rectifiersTransistor as amplifier and switchLogic gates

More resources for Class 12 Physics

NCERT Solutions →Important Questions →Deleted Topics →Revision Checklist →