Chemistry — Revision Checklist
All 13 Chemistry chapters broken into checkable items, prioritised by TGBIE exam weight.
Ch. 1 Atomic Structure — High Weight
High- Bohr's model: postulates, radius rₙ = n²a₀/Z, energy Eₙ = −13.6Z²/n² eV
- Spectral series: Lyman (UV), Balmer (visible), Paschen, Brackett, Pfund — which series they belong to
- Quantum numbers: n, l, m, s — ranges and meaning of each
- Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion, Hund's rule — apply all three to write electronic configs
- Anomalous configs: Cr(24) = [Ar]3d⁵4s¹ and Cu(29) = [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹ — explain why
Ch. 3 Chemical Bonding — High Weight
High- VSEPR theory: predict shapes — linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, octahedral
- Hybridisation: sp (BeCl₂, acetylene), sp² (BF₃, ethylene), sp³ (CH₄, NH₃, H₂O)
- MOT: bond order = (bonding electrons − antibonding electrons)/2; O₂ is paramagnetic (2 unpaired e⁻)
- Hydrogen bond: intramolecular (salicylaldehyde) vs intermolecular (water, HF, NH₃)
Ch. 6 Thermodynamics — High Weight
High- ΔH = ΔU + ΔnRT for gases; ΔU = q at constant volume (bomb calorimeter)
- Hess's law: apply using Born-Haber cycle or simple algebraic addition of reactions
- ΔG = ΔH − TΔS: four cases — know which combination gives spontaneous/non-spontaneous at all T
- ΔG° = −RT·lnK: relate to equilibrium constant
Ch. 7 Chemical Equilibrium — High Weight
High- Kc expression: products over reactants, concentration raised to stoichiometric coefficients
- Kp = Kc(RT)^Δn — derive and apply numerically
- Le Chatelier's principle: apply to effect of T, P, concentration on equilibrium position
- pH, pOH, Kw = 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C; Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for buffers
- Ksp: write expressions; common ion effect reduces solubility
Ch. 13 Organic Chemistry — High Weight
High- IUPAC nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes — apply chain selection rules
- Structural isomerism: chain, position, functional group, metamerism, tautomerism
- Free radical mechanism: initiation, propagation, termination (for CH₄ + Cl₂)
- Electrophilic addition to alkenes: Markovnikov's rule, anti-Markovnikov (peroxide effect)
- Benzene reactions: electrophilic aromatic substitution — nitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts
Ch. 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 — Medium Weight
Medium- Periodic trends: atomic radius, ionisation enthalpy, electron affinity, electronegativity — know the trend direction
- Ideal gas: PV = nRT; Graham's law r₁/r₂ = √(M₂/M₁); van der Waals equation
- Mole concept: n = m/M; molarity, molality, mole fraction — calculations
- s-Block: preparation and properties of Na₂CO₃, NaOH, NaHCO₃, CaO, Ca(OH)₂
- p-Block: borax, boric acid, diborane, allotropes of carbon, SiO₂ reactions
- Environmental chemistry: acid rain (SO₂, NOₓ), ozone depletion (CFC), green chemistry