Physics — Important Questions
High-frequency SAQ and LAQ questions from TS Inter 1st Year Physics — Mechanics, Rotational Motion, Gravitation, Thermodynamics. Based on TGBIE exam patterns.
Ch. 2 Units and Measurements — Important Questions
- 1What are the fundamental and derived units? Give examples of each.
- 2Define absolute error, relative error, and percentage error with examples.
- 3The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is T = 2π√(L/g). If L is measured as 20 cm with ±2 mm accuracy and g is taken as 980 cm/s², find the percentage error in T.
- 4Check the dimensional correctness of v = √(2gh). What is the advantage of dimensional analysis?
Ch. 3 & 4 Motion — Important Questions
- 1Derive the three kinematic equations of motion: v = u+at, s = ut+½at², v² = u²+2as.
- 2A ball is thrown vertically upward with velocity 20 m/s. Find (i) maximum height (ii) time to reach maximum height (iii) time to return to ground. (g = 10 m/s²)
- 3Derive expressions for range and maximum height of a projectile. At what angle is range maximum?
- 4A projectile is fired with speed 40 m/s at 30° to horizontal. Find the range, maximum height, and time of flight.
Ch. 5 Laws of Motion — Important Questions
- 1State and explain Newton's three laws of motion with examples.
- 2Define the coefficient of static friction and kinetic friction. Why is μ_k < μ_s always?
- 3A block of mass 5 kg is placed on a rough inclined plane (μ = 0.3, θ = 30°). Find the acceleration of the block.
- 4Derive the expression for angle of banking of a curved road: tanθ = v²/(rg).
Ch. 6 Work, Energy and Power — Important Questions
- 1State and prove the work-energy theorem.
- 2Define elastic and inelastic collisions. Derive expressions for velocities after a perfectly elastic collision in one dimension.
- 3A spring of force constant k = 800 N/m is compressed by 5 cm. Find the energy stored in the spring.
- 4Define power and derive P = F·v. A car of mass 1200 kg is moving at 72 km/h. If the engine force is 3000 N, find the power of the engine.
Ch. 7 Rotational Motion — Important Questions (LAQ)
- 1State and prove the theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes.
- 2Derive the expression for kinetic energy of rolling motion. What fraction of total KE is rotational for a solid sphere?
- 3Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform disc of mass M and radius R about: (i) its diameter (ii) a tangent in its plane.
- 4A torque of 5 N·m acts on a flywheel of moment of inertia 2 kg·m² for 4 seconds. Find the angular acceleration and the angle turned.
Ch. 8 Oscillations — Important Questions
- 1Define SHM and derive expressions for displacement, velocity and acceleration as functions of time.
- 2Derive the expression for the time period of a simple pendulum. State the conditions for its validity.
- 3Show that total energy in SHM = ½mω²A². How does KE and PE vary with displacement?
- 4A particle undergoes SHM with amplitude 10 cm and time period 4 s. Find velocity at x = 6 cm from mean position.
Ch. 9 Gravitation — Important Questions (LAQ)
- 1State Kepler's three laws of planetary motion. Derive Kepler's third law from gravitational force.
- 2Derive expressions for orbital velocity and escape velocity. Show that v_e = √2·v_o.
- 3Explain variation of g with altitude and depth. At what height above Earth's surface is g equal to g/4?
- 4What is a geostationary satellite? Derive the orbital radius for a geostationary satellite.
Ch. 13 & 14 Thermodynamics & Kinetic Theory — Important Questions
- 1Derive the efficiency of a Carnot engine. Why is 100% efficiency never achievable?
- 2State the first law of thermodynamics. Apply it to (i) isothermal (ii) adiabatic (iii) isochoric processes.
- 3Derive the expression for pressure exerted by an ideal gas using kinetic theory.
- 4State the law of equipartition of energy. Using it, derive the expression for Cv and Cp for a diatomic gas.