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TGBIE · 1st Year · MPC & BiPC

Chemistry — Important Questions

High-frequency SAQ and LAQ questions from TS Inter 1st Year Chemistry — Atomic Structure, Bonding, Thermodynamics, Equilibrium, s-Block, Organic. Based on TGBIE exam patterns.

Ch. 1 Atomic Structure — Important Questions

  1. 1Explain Bohr's model of hydrogen atom. Derive expressions for radius and energy of the nth orbit.
  2. 2What are the four quantum numbers? State the Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule.
  3. 3Write the electronic configuration of Cr (Z=24) and Cu (Z=29). Why do they deviate from expected patterns?
  4. 4Explain the dual nature of electrons. State Heisenberg's uncertainty principle with the mathematical form.

Ch. 3 Chemical Bonding — Important Questions

  1. 1Explain VSEPR theory. Predict the shapes of NH₃, H₂O, BF₃, and PCl₅.
  2. 2Explain sp³, sp², and sp hybridisation with examples. Draw orbital diagrams.
  3. 3What is Molecular Orbital Theory? Write the MOT configuration of N₂ and O₂. Why is O₂ paramagnetic?
  4. 4Explain hydrogen bonding. Give examples of inter-molecular and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds.

Ch. 4 States of Matter — Important Questions

  1. 1State and derive the ideal gas equation from Boyle's and Charles's laws.
  2. 2Explain the kinetic molecular theory of gases. Derive the expression for rms speed of gas molecules.
  3. 3Explain real gas behaviour. What is a van der Waals equation? What do constants a and b represent?
  4. 4State Graham's law of diffusion and derive it. Calculate the relative rate of diffusion of H₂ and O₂.

Ch. 6 Thermodynamics — Important Questions (LAQ)

  1. 1Define enthalpy and internal energy. Derive the relationship: ΔH = ΔU + ΔnRT.
  2. 2State Hess's law of constant heat summation. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of CO₂ from given bond energies.
  3. 3Define Gibbs energy. Show that ΔG = ΔH − TΔS. Explain four cases of spontaneity based on signs of ΔH and ΔS.
  4. 4What is entropy? State the second law of thermodynamics. Why does entropy increase in spontaneous processes?

Ch. 7 Chemical Equilibrium — Important Questions

  1. 1State the law of mass action and derive the expression for Kc. Define Kp and show that Kp = Kc(RT)^Δn.
  2. 2State Le Chatelier's principle. Apply it to: (i) synthesis of ammonia by Haber process (ii) synthesis of SO₃.
  3. 3Define buffer solution. How does a buffer resist change in pH? Calculate pH of a buffer containing CH₃COOH and CH₃COONa.
  4. 4Define solubility product. Explain the common ion effect on solubility of sparingly soluble salts.

Ch. 9 s-Block Elements — Important Questions

  1. 1Why do alkali metals show anomalous behaviour? Explain the diagonal relationship of Li with Mg.
  2. 2Give the preparation, properties and uses of sodium carbonate (washing soda) and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).
  3. 3Explain the diagonal relationship between Be and Al. List at least three similar properties.
  4. 4Give the preparation, properties and uses of calcium oxide (quick lime) and calcium carbonate.

Ch. 13 Organic Chemistry — Important Questions

  1. 1What is hybridisation? Explain the structure of ethane (sp³), ethylene (sp²), and acetylene (sp) with bond angles.
  2. 2Explain inductive effect, resonance effect, and electromeric effect in organic chemistry with examples.
  3. 3Write the reactions of benzene: (i) nitration (ii) halogenation (iii) Friedel-Crafts reaction. What is the mechanism?
  4. 4Explain Markovnikov's rule with an example. Why does HBr add to propylene to give 2-bromopropane?
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