Zoology — Important Diagrams
Diagrams that appear most frequently in the TS Inter 2nd Year Zoology board exam — with labelling notes for each. Practise every diagram from memory at least twice. Paper: 60 marks · 3 hours.
Human Anatomy & Physiology
1.
Human digestive system— label all organs from mouth to anus including accessory glands (liver, pancreas)
2.
Human heart — internal structure— label 4 chambers, 4 valves, aorta, pulmonary artery, vena cava; mark oxygenated/deoxygenated blood
3.
Nephron — detailed diagram— label Bowman's capsule, PCT, loop of Henle (ascending + descending), DCT, collecting duct, glomerulus
4.
Human respiratory system— trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli; label diaphragm, pleural membrane
5.
Neuron structure— label dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, Nodes of Ranvier, synaptic knob
6.
Sarcomere structure— label A band, I band, H zone, Z disc, actin, myosin filaments
Reproduction
1.
Male reproductive system— label testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate, urethra, penis
2.
Female reproductive system— label ovaries, fallopian tube (oviduct), uterus, cervix, vagina
3.
Human sperm structure— label acrosome, head (nucleus), midpiece (mitochondria), flagellum
4.
Embryonic development — cleavage stages— zygote → 2-cell → 4-cell → morula → blastula; label inner cell mass, trophoblast
5.
Placenta — maternal and foetal circulation— label chorionic villi, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid
Genetics, Immunity & Ecology
1.
Antibody structure (IgG)— label 2 heavy chains, 2 light chains, Fab region, Fc region, antigen-binding sites, disulfide bonds
2.
B and T lymphocyte differentiation— stem cell → B cell (humoral) and T cell (cell-mediated) pathways
3.
Food chain and food web — terrestrial ecosystem— producers → herbivores → carnivores → top predator; label trophic levels
4.
Ecological pyramid — energy/biomass— upright pyramid for terrestrial; inverted pyramid for aquatic biomass
5.
Nitrogen cycle — flow diagram— label nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, ammonification