Physical Science Revision Checklist
Everything to revise for BSE Telangana Class 10 Physical Science — Physics and Chemistry chapters with formulas, reactions, and diagrams sorted by exam weight.
Ch. 1 — Reflection of Light at Curved Surfaces
High- Mirror formula: 1/v + 1/u = 1/f; magnification m = −v/u = h′/h
- Sign convention (New Cartesian): distances opposite to incident light are negative
- Concave mirror uses: shaving/make-up mirrors, torches, vehicle headlights, solar furnaces
- Convex mirror uses: rear-view mirrors — always gives virtual, erect, diminished image
- Image position for different object distances: beyond C, at C, between C and F, at F, between F and P
Ch. 2 — Chemical Equations and Reactions
High- Types: combination, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, oxidation-reduction
- Thermal decomposition: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂; Electrolytic: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
- Photolytic: 2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl₂ (sunlight); used in photography
- Redox: oxidation = loss of electrons/gain of O/loss of H; reduction = opposite
- Corrosion (rusting): 4Fe + 3O₂ + 2H₂O → 2Fe₂O₃·H₂O — requires both O₂ and H₂O
Ch. 3 — Acids, Bases and Salts
High- Acid + Metal → Salt + H₂ · Acid + Carbonate → Salt + H₂O + CO₂ · Acid + Base → Salt + H₂O
- pH: < 7 acidic, = 7 neutral, > 7 basic. Strong acids: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃
- Preparation: baking soda (NaHCO₃), washing soda (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O), bleaching powder (CaOCl₂)
- Indicators: litmus (red in acid/blue in base), phenolphthalein (colourless in acid/pink in base)
- Uses: HCl (digestion, removal of rust), H₂SO₄ (batteries, fertilisers), NaOH (soap making)
Ch. 4 & 5 — Refraction and the Human Eye
High- Snell's Law: n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂; n = sin i/sin r = c/v
- Lens formula: 1/v − 1/u = 1/f; magnification m = v/u; Power P = 1/f (metres)
- Convex lens: converging — corrects hypermetropia (farsighted) · Concave lens: diverging — corrects myopia
- Human eye: near point = 25 cm, far point = ∞ for normal vision
- Dispersion: white light splits into VIBGYOR through a prism — total internal reflection in raindrops → rainbow
Ch. 6 — Structure of Atom
High- Maximum electrons per shell: 2n² (K=2, L=8, M=18, N=32)
- Atomic number Z = protons; mass number A = protons + neutrons
- Isotopes: same Z different A (e.g., ¹H, ²H, ³H) · Isobars: same A different Z
- Valency = outermost electrons (if ≤ 4) or 8 − outermost electrons (if > 4)
- Bohr's model: electrons in fixed orbits; energy absorbed to jump up, emitted when falling down
Ch. 7 — Classification of Elements — The Periodic Table
High- Modern Periodic Law: properties are periodic function of atomic number
- Periods (7 rows): period number = number of electron shells
- Groups (18 columns): elements in same group have same valence electrons
- Trends across period (→): atomic radius decreases, electronegativity increases, metallic character decreases
- Trends down group (↓): atomic radius increases, metallic character increases, electronegativity decreases
Ch. 9 — Electric Current
High- Ohm's Law: V = IR (valid at constant temperature) · Resistance R = ρl/A
- Series: R_s = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ · Parallel: 1/R_p = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
- Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R · Joule's heating: H = I²Rt
- 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J (unit on electricity bills) · Cost = power × time × tariff
- Ammeter in series (low resistance) · Voltmeter in parallel (high resistance)
Ch. 11 — Principles of Metallurgy
Medium- Reactivity series: Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu > Ag > Au
- Highly reactive metals (Na, K) — stored in kerosene; extracted by electrolysis
- Medium reactivity (Zn, Fe, Cu) — extracted by reduction with carbon or CO
- Thermite reaction: Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe — used in welding rail tracks
- Electrolytic refining: impure metal = anode; pure metal deposited at cathode
- Alloys: steel (Fe+C), brass (Cu+Zn), bronze (Cu+Sn), stainless steel (Fe+Cr+Ni)