Botany — Important Diagrams
All diagrams that appear in TGBIE 1st Year Botany exams — listed unit-wise with the key labels you must include. Practice drawing and labelling each one.
Unit I: Diversity
T.S. of Rhizopus sporangium
Labels: Sporangiophore, columella, sporangiospores, sporangium wall, mycelium
Life cycle of Funaria (moss)
Labels: Gametophyte, archegonium, antheridium, sporophyte, seta, capsule, spores, protonema
Parts of a fern frond
Labels: Rachis, pinnae, pinnule, sori, sporangium, rhizome
Unit II: Morphology
Longitudinal section of a flower (bisexual, actinomorphic)
Labels: Calyx (sepals), corolla (petals), androecium (stamen: filament, anther), gynoecium (pistil: stigma, style, ovary, ovule), receptacle, pedicel
Types of aestivation
Labels: Valvate, twisted/contorted, imbricate, quincuncial — draw and label each
Types of placentations
Labels: Marginal, parietal, axile, free central, basal — draw cross section for each
Unit III: Reproduction
T.S. of mature anther
Labels: Epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, tapetum, microsporangium, microspores/pollen grains
Mature embryo sac (8-nucleate)
Labels: Egg apparatus (3 cells), central cell (2 polar nuclei), antipodal cells (3), micropyle end, chalazal end
Double fertilisation diagram
Labels: Pollen tube, 2 male gametes, one fertilising egg (→ zygote), other fertilising polar nuclei (→ primary endosperm nucleus)
Unit V: Cell
Ultra structure of plant cell
Labels: Cell wall, plasma membrane, ER (rough/smooth), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus (nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin), vacuole, ribosomes, plastids
Stages of mitosis
Labels: Prophase (chromosomes condense, spindle forms), Metaphase (chromosomes at equator), Anaphase (chromatids separate), Telophase (nuclear envelope re-forms), Cytokinesis (cell plate)
Meiosis I — stages
Labels: Leptotene, Zygotene (synapsis), Pachytene (bivalents), Diplotene (chiasmata), Diakinesis, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
Unit VI: Anatomy
T.S. of dicot stem (sunflower)
Labels: Epidermis (cuticle), cortex (collenchyma + parenchyma), endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles (xylem inner, phloem outer, cambium between), pith
T.S. of monocot stem (maize)
Labels: Epidermis, hypodermis (sclerenchyma), ground tissue (parenchyma), scattered vascular bundles (each with xylem and phloem, surrounded by bundle sheath)
T.S. of dicot root (sunflower)
Labels: Piliferous layer (root hair), cortex, endodermis (Casparian strip), pericycle, xylem (exarch, radially arranged), phloem (between xylem), pith (small or absent)
T.S. of monocot root (maize)
Labels: Epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, polyarch xylem (exarch), phloem, pith (large, parenchymatous)
Unit VII: Ecology
Adaptations of a xerophyte (cactus or acacia)
Labels: Reduced leaves (spines), thick waxy cuticle, sunken stomata, water-storing stem (succulent), deep roots, CAM photosynthesis label
Adaptations of a hydrophyte (Hydrilla or lotus)
Labels: Floating/submerged leaves, aerenchyma (air spaces), poorly developed vascular tissue, thin cuticle, stomata on upper surface (floating leaves)
Exam Tip for Botany Diagrams
- • Botany diagrams carry 2–3 marks in LAQ answers. A missing diagram loses those marks directly.
- • For anatomy diagrams (T.S.): draw as a sector, not the full circle — it saves time and looks cleaner.
- • For cell diagrams: draw plasma membrane inside cell wall; label organelles without overlapping lines.
- • For mitosis stages: draw at least 4 stages (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase).
- • For embryo sac: label 8 cells/nuclei total — examiners check this count.