Botany — Revision Checklist
All 7 units of Botany broken into checkable items, prioritised by TGBIE exam weight.
Unit V: Cell Biology (Ch. 9, 10, 11) — High Weight
High- Ultra structure of eukaryotic plant cell: all organelles, their structure and function
- Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells — at least 5 points
- Mitosis: stages (PMAT), chromosomal events at each stage, diagram of each stage
- Meiosis I: stages (Leptotene to Telophase I), crossing over, chiasmata, bivalents
- Significance of mitosis (growth, repair) vs meiosis (genetic variation, sexual reproduction)
- Biomolecules: proteins (primary-quaternary structure), nucleic acids (DNA double helix), polysaccharides
Unit VI: Anatomy (Ch. 12) — High Weight
High- T.S. dicot stem: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, collateral open vascular bundles, pith
- T.S. monocot stem: scattered vascular bundles, no cambium, bundle sheath, ground tissue
- T.S. dicot root: exarch xylem, alternate xylem and phloem, small pith
- T.S. monocot root: polyarch xylem, large pith — contrast with dicot
- Anatomy of dicot and monocot leaf: distinguish mesophyll (palisade in dicot), vascular bundles
- Secondary growth: cork cambium, secondary xylem (wood), annual rings
Unit III: Reproduction (Ch. 6, 7) — High Weight
High- Development of male gametophyte: microspore → 2-celled pollen grain
- Mature embryo sac: 8-nucleate, 7-celled structure — draw and label
- Pollination types: self and cross; agents (wind, water, insects, birds)
- Double fertilisation: fertilisation of egg (zygote) and polar nuclei (PEN)
- Post-fertilisation: zygote → embryo; PEN → endosperm; ovule → seed; ovary → fruit
- Apomixis (seed without fertilisation), parthenocarpy (fruit without fertilisation), polyembryony
Unit II: Morphology (Ch. 5) — Medium Weight
Medium- Root modifications: tap root (storage, breathing), adventitious roots
- Stem modifications: rhizome, tuber, bulb, corm, cladode — with examples
- Leaf modifications: tendrils, spines, phyllodes, leaf succulents
- Types of venation, leaf arrangement (phyllotaxy), types of leaves (simple/compound)
- Parts of a flower: calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium — structure and types
- Floral formula and floral diagram — read and write
Unit I: Diversity & Unit IV: Taxonomy — Medium Weight
Medium- Five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia — basis of classification
- Distinguishing features of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
- Family Fabaceae: floral characters, formula, economic importance (at least 3 members)
- Family Solanaceae: floral characters, formula, economic importance
- Family Liliaceae: floral characters, formula, economic importance
Unit VII: Plant Ecology — Low-Medium Weight
Medium- Hydrophytes: adaptations (aerenchyma, thin cuticle, floating leaves, stomata on upper surface)
- Xerophytes: adaptations (spines, thick cuticle, sunken stomata, succulent stems, CAM)
- Plant succession: primary (bare rock) vs secondary (disturbed area); stages to climax community
- Ecological services: carbon sequestration, oxygen production, water cycle, soil formation