Botany
TS Intermediate 1st Year Botany — 13 chapters across 7 units from the official TGBIE Annual Plan 2025-26. Covers Diversity, Morphology, Reproduction, Cell Biology, Plant Anatomy, and Ecology.
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Explore →Syllabus — 7 Units · 13 Chapters (2025-26)
Unit I: Diversity in the Living World
1
The Living World
What is living, diversity, taxonomic categories and aids
2
Biological Classification
Five kingdoms, Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, viruses, viroids, lichens
3
Science of Plants — Botany
Origin, development, scope and branches of Botany
4
Plant Kingdom
Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, alternation of generations
Unit II: Structural Organisation in Plants — Morphology
5
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed
Unit III: Reproduction in Plants
6
Modes of Reproduction
Asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, angiosperm life cycle overview
7
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Pre-fertilisation structures, pollination, pollen-pistil interaction, double fertilisation, post-fertilisation events, apomixis, polyembryony
Unit IV: Plant Systematics
8
Taxonomy of Angiosperms
Systems of classification, semi-technical description, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae
Unit V: Cell — Structure and Functions
9
Cell: The Unit of Life
Cell theory, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cell, cell membrane, organelles, nucleus
10
Biomolecules
Primary and secondary metabolites, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, metabolism
11
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, significance
Unit VI: Internal Organisation of Plants
12
Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Tissue systems, anatomy of dicot and monocot root, stem and leaf, secondary growth
Unit VII: Plant Ecology
13
Ecological Adaptations, Succession & Ecological Services
Hydrophytes, mesophytes, xerophytes and adaptations, plant succession, ecosystem services