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TGBIE · 1st Year · BiPC

Botany — Important Questions

High-frequency SAQ and LAQ questions from TS Inter 1st Year Botany — all 7 units based on TGBIE Annual Plan 2025-26.

Unit I: Diversity — Important Questions

  1. 1Describe the five kingdom classification of Whittaker. What are the basis of classification?
  2. 2What are the general characters of Kingdom Fungi? Distinguish between Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
  3. 3Describe the life cycle of Mucor (bread mould) with a diagram.
  4. 4Give the economic importance of algae in at least 5 points.
  5. 5Distinguish between bryophytes and pteridophytes. Give two examples of each.
  6. 6What is alternation of generations? Explain with reference to bryophytes.

Unit II: Morphology — Important Questions

  1. 1Describe the different types of roots and their modifications with examples.
  2. 2Describe the types of stems and their modifications. Give one example each.
  3. 3Explain the different types of leaves. What is phyllotaxy?
  4. 4Describe the different types of inflorescence with diagrams.
  5. 5Write the semi-technical description of a flower of family Fabaceae (leguminosae).

Unit III: Reproduction — Important Questions

  1. 1Explain the structure of an angiosperm flower. Describe the events of double fertilisation.
  2. 2Describe the development of male gametophyte (pollen grain) in flowering plants.
  3. 3Explain the process of pollination. What are the different agents of pollination?
  4. 4Define and distinguish: apomixis, parthenocarpy, and polyembryony. Give an example of each.
  5. 5Describe the post-fertilisation events in an angiosperm leading to seed and fruit formation.

Unit IV: Taxonomy — Important Questions

  1. 1Write the diagnostic characters of family Solanaceae. Give two examples and their economic importance.
  2. 2Write the semi-technical description of Liliaceae with a formula and diagram of flower.
  3. 3What is taxonomic hierarchy? Explain with an example (e.g., Solanum tuberosum).

Unit V: Cell — Important Questions

  1. 1Describe the ultra structure of a plant cell with a labelled diagram.
  2. 2Explain the structure and functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  3. 3Describe the stages of mitosis with diagrams. What is the significance of mitosis?
  4. 4Explain meiosis I. How is it different from mitosis? What is the significance of meiosis?
  5. 5Write a detailed account of the structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model).
  6. 6Define and explain the terms: primary and secondary metabolites, biomacromolecules, metabolism.

Unit VI: Anatomy — Important Questions

  1. 1Describe the internal structure of a dicot stem with a labelled diagram.
  2. 2Describe the internal structure of a monocot root with a labelled diagram.
  3. 3Explain the anatomy of a dorsiventral leaf with a diagram.
  4. 4What is secondary growth? Explain the formation of annual rings.

Unit VII: Plant Ecology — Important Questions

  1. 1Define hydrophytes. Describe the ecological adaptations of hydrophytes.
  2. 2Define xerophytes. Describe the adaptations of xerophytes to their environment.
  3. 3Explain plant succession. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
  4. 4What are ecological services? List and briefly explain any four ecosystem services provided by plants.
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