Zoology — Important Questions
Unit-wise important questions for TS Intermediate 2nd Year Zoology — organised by VSAQ, SAQ, and LAQ as per the TGBIE exam pattern. Paper: 60 marks · 3 hours.
VSAQ(2 marks each)
Answer in 2–3 lines. Attempt all 10.
- 1.[Digestion]Where is bile produced and stored? State two functions of bile.
- 2.[Digestion]Name the enzyme secreted by the intestinal mucosa that converts maltose to glucose.
- 3.[Circulation]What is the difference between systole and diastole? Define cardiac output.
- 4.[Excretion]Name the three processes involved in urine formation in the nephron.
- 5.[Excretion]What is counter-current mechanism? Where does it occur in the nephron?
- 6.[Reproduction]What is the acrosome in a sperm cell? What is its function during fertilisation?
- 7.[Reproduction]Distinguish between morula and blastula.
- 8.[Genetics]What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle? State the two allele frequencies it involves.
- 9.[Immunity]Distinguish between active immunity and passive immunity.
- 10.[Ecology]Define ecological succession. Name the two types.
SAQ(4 marks each)
Answer in 5–7 lines. Include a labelled diagram where relevant. Choose 6 from 8.
- 1.[Human Digestion]Describe digestion in the small intestine. Name the enzymes involved and the products formed from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- 2.[Human Circulation]Describe the internal structure of the human heart. Explain the double circulation with a labelled diagram.
- 3.[Excretion (Nephron)]Describe the process of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption in the nephron. What is GFR?
- 4.[Reproduction]Describe spermatogenesis. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a mature human sperm.
- 5.[Reproduction]Explain the stages of human embryonic development from fertilisation to implantation.
- 6.[Genetics / Evolution]Explain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. State five conditions required to maintain it. How does natural selection violate it?
- 7.[Immunity]Describe the structure of an immunoglobulin (IgG). Differentiate between humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
- 8.[Ecology]Explain the carbon cycle. Draw a flow diagram and include the roles of producers, consumers, decomposers, and combustion.
LAQ(8 marks each)
Full answer with diagram where possible. Choose 2 from 4.
- 1.[Human Anatomy]Describe the structure of the human kidney with a labelled diagram. Explain the formation of urine, including glomerular filtration, selective reabsorption, and tubular secretion. What is counter-current multiplier mechanism?
- 2.[Human Reproduction]Describe the female reproductive system with a labelled diagram. Explain the menstrual cycle — its hormonal regulation by FSH, LH, oestrogen, and progesterone — and what happens during each phase.
- 3.[Genetics]Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwin). How does the Hardy-Weinberg theorem connect population genetics to evolution? Describe the role of mutation and genetic drift as evolutionary forces.
- 4.[Biotechnology]Explain the process of recombinant DNA technology as applied to Zoology. Describe the production of human insulin using E. coli. Explain ethical concerns of transgenic animals.