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TS SSC · Class 10

Biological Science Important Diagrams

All important diagrams for BSE Telangana Class 10 Biology with complete label lists and drawing tips — nephron, neuron, heart, leaf, reflex arc, and flower.

Nephron — Excretory Unit of Kidney (Ch. 4)

4 marks

Labels to include:

Glomerulus (capillary knot)Bowman's Capsule (cup-shaped)Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)Loop of Henle (descending + ascending limb)Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)Collecting Duct

Drawing Tips:

Draw Bowman's capsule as a cup enclosing the glomerulus ball. PCT and DCT are coiled — draw them wavy. Loop of Henle dips into a U-shape. All six labels must be present for full marks. Arrow showing direction: filtrate flows from glomerulus → Bowman's → PCT → Loop → DCT → Collecting duct.

Neuron — Nerve Cell (Ch. 5)

4 marks

Labels to include:

Cell Body (Cyton / Soma)Nucleus (in cell body)Dendrites (short, branching)Axon (long fibre)Myelin Sheath (Schwann Cells)Nodes of Ranvier (gaps in myelin)Axon Terminal / Synaptic Knob

Drawing Tips:

Draw a star-shaped cell body with short, branching dendrites on one side. Long axon extends from other side with myelin sheath shown as oval segments — gaps between segments are nodes of Ranvier. End with axon terminal branching into buttons. Show direction of impulse with arrow: dendrites → cell body → axon → axon terminal.

Human Heart — Vertical Section (Ch. 3)

4–5 marks

Labels to include:

Right Atrium (RA) — receives deoxygenated blood from bodyLeft Atrium (LA) — receives oxygenated blood from lungsRight Ventricle (RV) — pumps blood to lungsLeft Ventricle (LV) — pumps blood to body (thickest walls)Tricuspid Valve (between RA and RV)Bicuspid / Mitral Valve (between LA and LV)Superior Vena Cava (brings blood from upper body)Inferior Vena Cava (brings blood from lower body)Aorta (takes oxygenated blood to body)Pulmonary Artery (takes deoxygenated blood to lungs)Pulmonary Vein (brings oxygenated blood from lungs)

Drawing Tips:

Left ventricle walls are MUCH thicker than right — draw this clearly (twice the wall thickness). Right side = deoxygenated blood (blue/dark). Left side = oxygenated (red). Label at least 8 parts for full marks. Draw arrows showing direction of blood flow inside the heart.

Cross-Section of Leaf (Ch. 1)

4 marks

Labels to include:

Cuticle (waxy layer, above upper epidermis)Upper Epidermis (single layer, no chloroplasts)Palisade Mesophyll Cells (tall, packed, many chloroplasts — main photosynthesis)Spongy Mesophyll Cells (loosely packed, air spaces)Air Spaces (allow CO₂/O₂ exchange)Lower EpidermisStoma / Stomatal PoreGuard Cells (kidney-shaped, control stomata)Xylem Vessels (in vascular bundle)Phloem Tubes (in vascular bundle)

Drawing Tips:

Draw as a rectangular horizontal slice. Upper epidermis at top, lower at bottom. Palisade cells directly under upper epidermis — draw tall rectangles packed tightly. Spongy cells in the middle — draw irregular shapes with gaps. Stomata only on lower epidermis — draw two kidney-shaped guard cells around the pore.

Reflex Arc (Ch. 5)

4 marks

Labels to include:

Receptor (sense organ — e.g., skin)Afferent / Sensory Neuron (carries impulse to spinal cord)Spinal Cord — Relay Neuron (grey matter, where synapse occurs)Efferent / Motor Neuron (carries impulse from spinal cord to effector)Effector (muscle or gland that responds)

Drawing Tips:

Draw spinal cord as a vertical oval in the centre. Receptor on the left. Arrows flow: Receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord (dorsal root) → Motor neuron (ventral root) → Effector. Show the synapse (connection) between sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord. All arrows must point in the correct direction.

Longitudinal Section of Flower (Ch. 6)

3–4 marks

Labels to include:

Sepal (green, outermost protective leaf)Petal (colourful, attracts pollinators)Stamen = Anther (pollen) + Filament (stalk) — male reproductive organCarpel / Pistil = Stigma + Style + Ovary — female reproductive organOvule (inside ovary — becomes seed after fertilisation)Receptacle (swollen end of stalk bearing all floral parts)Peduncle (flower stalk)

Drawing Tips:

Draw in longitudinal section (cut down the middle). Stamen is male — anther at top of filament. Carpel is female — ovary at base with ovules, style in middle, stigma at top (where pollen lands and germinates). Label all seven parts clearly.

Diagram of Stomata (Closed and Open) (Ch. 1)

3 marks

Labels to include:

Guard Cells (kidney-shaped, chloroplasts present)Stomatal Pore (open when guard cells turgid)Epidermal Cell (no chloroplasts)Cell Wall (thicker inner wall of guard cells)

Drawing Tips:

Draw two kidney-shaped guard cells facing each other. When open: inner walls (facing pore) bow outward as cells become turgid — pore is open. When closed: guard cells are flaccid — pore closed. Show the asymmetric cell wall (inner wall is thicker). Guard cells have chloroplasts; regular epidermal cells do not.

More for Biological Science

Important Questions →Revision Checklist →Model Papers →Previous Year Papers →All Class 10 Resources →