Biological Science Important Questions
High-frequency questions from BSE Telangana Class 10 Biological Science public exam — diagram labelling, life processes, heredity, and ecology questions that appear almost every year.
Diagrams — Always in the Paper (4 marks each)
- 1Ch. 4: Draw a neat diagram of a nephron and label: glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct.
- 2Ch. 5: Draw a neuron and label: cell body (cyton), nucleus, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, axon terminal.
- 3Ch. 3: Draw the human heart in vertical section and label: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve, aorta, pulmonary artery, vena cava.
- 4Ch. 1: Draw a cross-section of a leaf showing: upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, air spaces, lower epidermis, stomata, guard cells, xylem, phloem.
- 5Ch. 5: Draw a diagram of the reflex arc and label: receptor, sensory (afferent) neuron, spinal cord (relay neuron), motor (efferent) neuron, effector muscle.
- 6Ch. 6: Draw a longitudinal section of a flower and label: sepal, petal, stamen (filament + anther), carpel (stigma + style + ovary), ovule.
Ch. 1, 2 Nutrition and Respiration — 4 to 5 Mark Questions
- 1Explain the process of photosynthesis. Write the overall equation and state the conditions required. Name the two stages of photosynthesis and where they occur.
- 2Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Write the equations for both. In which organisms does anaerobic respiration produce ethanol?
- 3What is the role of stomata in photosynthesis and transpiration? How do guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata?
- 4Compare autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. Give two examples of each. What is saprophytic nutrition? Give an example.
Ch. 3, 4 Transportation and Excretion — 4 to 5 Mark Questions
- 1Explain the double circulation in humans. What is pulmonary circulation? What is systemic circulation? Why is double circulation essential in humans?
- 2Describe the structure and function of the nephron. Explain the three stages of urine formation: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
- 3How is water transported in plants? Explain the role of osmosis and transpiration pull in ascent of sap through xylem.
- 4What is translocation? How is food transported from leaves to all parts of a plant through phloem? What is the source-sink concept?
Ch. 5 Control and Coordination — 2 to 5 Mark Questions
- 1What is a reflex action? Give one example. Draw and explain the reflex arc. How is it different from a voluntary action?
- 2Explain the functions of the three main parts of the brain: cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.
- 3Name four endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete. Explain the effect of each hormone. What is the role of the pituitary gland?
- 4How do plants respond to light (phototropism) and gravity (geotropism)? Explain the role of auxin in each. Give examples.
- 5What happens at a synapse? How does a nerve impulse cross from one neuron to the next? Name the substance involved.
Ch. 6, 7 Reproduction and Coordination in Life Processes — 4 to 5 Mark Questions
- 1Explain the process of pollination and fertilisation in flowering plants. What is double fertilisation? What are the products of double fertilisation?
- 2Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction — give 3 differences and 2 examples of each. What are the advantages of each type?
- 3Explain how sex is determined in humans. A couple has 3 daughters. What is the probability of the next child being a son? Give reason.
- 4What is cell division? Distinguish between mitosis and meiosis — purpose, number of divisions, daughter cells produced, and ploidy.
- 5Describe the changes that occur at puberty in males and females. Name the hormones responsible for these changes.
Ch. 8, 9, 10 Heredity, Environment, Natural Resources — 2 to 4 Mark Questions
- 1State Mendel's Law of Segregation. Explain the monohybrid cross between Tall (TT) and Dwarf (tt) pea plants. What is the 3:1 phenotypic ratio?
- 2Define food chain and food web. Give one example of each from a grassland ecosystem. What happens to energy as it moves up the food chain?
- 3Explain the causes and effects of ozone layer depletion. What chemicals destroy the ozone layer? What are the consequences for living organisms?
- 4What is biodiversity? Name two types of conservation. Give two examples each of in-situ and ex-situ conservation in India.
- 5Explain the water cycle (hydrological cycle) and the nitrogen cycle. How does human activity affect these natural cycles?