Biological Science Revision Checklist
Everything to revise for BSE Telangana Class 10 Biological Science — diagrams, life processes, control and coordination, reproduction, and ecology by exam priority.
Ch. 1 Nutrition — High Priority
High- Autotrophic nutrition: photosynthesis — 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂; conditions: sunlight, chlorophyll, CO₂, H₂O
- Heterotrophic nutrition: holozoic (animals), saprophytic (fungi), parasitic (Cuscuta), insectivorous (Venus flytrap)
- Stomata: open during day (K⁺ enters guard cells → turgid → pore opens); controlled by guard cells
- Diagram: cross-section of leaf — upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, stomata, xylem, phloem
- Digestive system in humans: mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine; enzymes at each stage
Ch. 2, 3, 4 Respiration, Transportation, Excretion — High Priority
High- Ch. 2 Respiration: aerobic (mitochondria, ~36 ATP) — glucose → pyruvate → CO₂ + H₂O; anaerobic: lactic acid (muscles) or ethanol + CO₂ (yeast)
- Ch. 3 Transportation: double circulation (pulmonary: heart→lungs→heart; systemic: heart→body→heart); blood components
- Ch. 3: Diagram — human heart with 4 chambers, tricuspid/bicuspid/semilunar valves, aorta, vena cava
- Ch. 3: Translocation in plants via phloem (bidirectional); transpiration pull moves water up xylem
- Ch. 4 Excretion: nephron — glomerular filtration → tubular reabsorption → tubular secretion → urine; diagram of nephron required
Ch. 5 Control and Coordination — High Priority
High- Nervous system: CNS (brain + spinal cord) + PNS; reflex arc: receptor → sensory neuron → spinal cord → motor neuron → effector
- Brain regions: cerebrum (thinking/memory), cerebellum (balance/coordination), medulla oblongata (involuntary — heartbeat/breathing)
- Synapse: neurotransmitters carry impulse across gap between neurons
- Endocrine glands: pituitary (GH, FSH, LH — master gland), thyroid (thyroxine), adrenal (adrenaline), pancreas (insulin/glucagon)
- Plant hormones: auxin (phototropism, elongation), gibberellins (seed germination, stem elongation), abscisic acid (dormancy, wilting), cytokinins (cell division)
Ch. 6, 7 Reproduction and Coordination in Life Processes — High Priority
High- Ch. 6 Asexual: binary fission (Amoeba, bacteria), budding (Hydra, yeast), fragmentation (Spirogyra), spore formation (Mucor)
- Ch. 6 Sexual in plants: pollination (self/cross), fertilisation, double fertilisation in angiosperms, seed and fruit formation
- Ch. 6 Human: fertilisation of egg by sperm → zygote → implantation → embryo → foetus
- Ch. 7 Coordination in Life Processes: cell division — mitosis (growth/repair) and meiosis (gamete formation)
- Ch. 7: Reaching the age of adolescence — puberty changes in males and females; role of hormones
Ch. 8 Heredity — Medium Priority
Medium- Mendel's Law of Dominance and Law of Segregation — monohybrid cross: Tt × Tt → 3 tall : 1 dwarf (3:1 phenotypic ratio)
- Dihybrid cross: 9:3:3:1 ratio — Law of Independent Assortment
- Sex determination: XX = female, XY = male; father provides X or Y — father determines sex of child
- Variation: inherited (genetic mutations) and acquired (environmental) — only inherited variations are passed on
- Evolution: Darwinian — natural selection; survival of the fittest; gradual changes over generations
Ch. 9, 10 Our Environment and Natural Resources — Medium Priority
Medium- Ch. 9 Ecosystem: biotic (living) + abiotic (non-living); producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, decomposers
- Ch. 9 Food chain: grass → grasshopper → frog → snake → eagle; 10% energy transferred to next level
- Ch. 9 Ozone depletion: CFCs (refrigerants, aerosols) → destroy O₃ → UV-B reaches Earth → skin cancer, cataracts, DNA damage
- Ch. 9 Biodiversity: threatened by habitat loss, poaching, pollution, invasive species; conservation: in-situ (sanctuaries) and ex-situ (zoos, seed banks)
- Ch. 10 Natural Resources: water cycle, nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle; soil conservation; sustainable use of forests and wildlife