Biological Science Last Minute Revision
Quick-fire revision for BSE Telangana Class 10 Biology — diagram labels, life process steps, hormones, heredity rules, and exam tips for the final 24 hours.
Ch. 1–4 Life Processes — Quick Recall
- →Photosynthesis (Ch. 1): 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂; in chloroplasts; conditions: light, CO₂, H₂O, chlorophyll
- →Respiration (Ch. 2): aerobic → ~36 ATP (mitochondria); anaerobic → lactic acid (muscles) or ethanol+CO₂ (yeast)
- →Double circulation (Ch. 3): pulmonary (heart→lungs→heart) + systemic (heart→body→heart); left ventricle has thickest wall
- →Excretion (Ch. 4): nephron — glomerular filtration → tubular reabsorption → tubular secretion → urine in collecting duct
Diagrams — Must-Label Points
- →Nephron (Ch. 4): glomerulus → Bowman's capsule → PCT → Loop of Henle → DCT → Collecting duct
- →Neuron (Ch. 5): dendrites → cell body (nucleus) → axon → myelin sheath → nodes of Ranvier → axon terminal
- →Heart (Ch. 3): 4 chambers + 4 valves; right side = deoxygenated (body→lungs); left side = oxygenated (lungs→body)
- →Leaf CS (Ch. 1): upper epidermis → palisade mesophyll → spongy mesophyll → lower epidermis with stomata + guard cells
Ch. 5 Hormones — Quick Recall
- →Pituitary (master gland): GH (growth), FSH, LH (reproduction), ADH (water reabsorption)
- →Thyroid: thyroxine — metabolic rate; deficiency → goitre; excess → hyperthyroidism
- →Adrenal medulla: adrenaline — fight or flight (↑ HR, ↑ BP, ↑ blood glucose)
- →Pancreas: insulin (↓ blood glucose — glucose→glycogen); glucagon (↑ blood glucose — glycogen→glucose)
- →Plant hormones: auxin (phototropism/elongation), gibberellins (elongation/germination), ABA (dormancy/wilting)
Ch. 6–8 Reproduction and Heredity
- →Asexual: binary fission (Amoeba/bacteria), budding (Hydra/yeast), fragmentation (Spirogyra), regeneration (Planaria)
- →Double fertilisation (angiosperms): one sperm + egg → zygote; another sperm + polar nuclei → endosperm
- →Mendel: Tt × Tt → 3 tall : 1 dwarf (3:1); TT:Tt:tt = 1:2:1 genotypic ratio
- →Sex determination: mother always gives X; father gives X (daughter) or Y (son) — father determines sex
- →Mitosis: 2 identical daughter cells (growth/repair) · Meiosis: 4 haploid cells (gametes)
Ch. 9–10 Environment & Exam Strategy
- →10% energy rule: only 10% of energy passes from one trophic level to the next — reason for short food chains
- →Ozone depletion: CFCs (aerosols/refrigerants) → Cl radicals destroy O₃ → UV-B reaches Earth → skin cancer
- →Biodiversity: in-situ = national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves; ex-situ = zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks
- →Biological Science paper (TS SSC): 50 marks — diagrams carry 4 marks each; theory 4–5 marks each
- →Always draw diagrams in pencil; label with straight lines (not arrows); write chapter name above diagram